COMPOSITION
Teknoprost Injectable Solution is a clear and colorless sterile solution, each ml contains 0.26 mg of cloprostenol sodium equivalent to 0.25 mg of cloprostenol and 20 mg of benzyl alcohol (E 1519) as an antimicrobial preservative.
INDICATIONS FOR USE
Cattle
Suboestrus or non-detected oestrus,
Induction of parturition,
Termination of normal but unwanted pregnancy,
Termination of abnormal pregnancy (induction of abortion):
- Mummified foetus
- Hydrops of the foetal membranes
Chronic endometritis (pyometra),
Ovarian luteal cysts,
Controlled breeding.
Horses
Induction of luteolysis following early foetal death and resorption,
Termination of persistent dioestrus,
Termination of pseudopregnancy,
Treatment of lactation anoestrus,
Establishing oestrous cycles in barren/maiden mares,
As an aid to stud management.
ADMINISTRATION ROUTES AND AMOUNTS
According to the animal species, administration is carried out by the following routes and doses.
Cattle:
Single or repeated 2ml doses (equivalent to 500mg cloprostenol) by intramuscular injection.
Suboestrus (or non-detected oestrus):
After diagnosing the presence of a corpus luteum - by rectal palpation - treat with Teknoprost and inseminate those animals showing heat. Those animals which do not show heat are re-examined 11 days later and may receive a second injection of Teknoprost and be bred at oestrus or at fixed times; once at 72 - 84 hours or twice at 72 and 96 hours.
Induction of parturition:
Teknoprost induces parturition in the period around normal term. Induction should take place as close to the predicted calving date as possible and not more than 10 days before. Induction should not be attempted before day 270 of gestation measured from the confirmed day of conception, except in pathological conditions. All treated animals must receive adequate supervision. In common with other methods of shortening the gestation period a higher than usual incidence of retention of the foetal membranes is to be expected. Animals treated should be under special observation and care.
Termination of normal but unwanted pregnancy:
Normal pregnancy can be terminated in cattle from one week after conception until the 150
th day of gestation. Best results are obtained during the first 100 days. Treated animals should be kept under observation until expulsion of the foetus and placenta is complete.
Termination of abnormal pregnancy (Induction of abortion)
1) Mummified foetus
Induction of luteolysis at any stage of pregnancy will usually result in the expulsion of the mummified foetus from the uterus into the vagina from which manual removal may be necessary. Normal cyclical activity should then follow.
2) Hydrops of the foetal membranes
Pathological accumulation of placental fluids can cause severe physiological complications and death. Surgical drainage is not usually successful in alleviating the condition. In such cases, a single dose may be used to induce parturition.
Chronic endometritis (Pyometra)
A single dose should be administered. In long-standing cases, treatment may be repeated after 10–14 days.
Ovarian luteal cysts
Where cystic ovaries associated with persistent luteal tissue and absence of heat are diagnosed, Teknoprost has proved to be effective in correcting the condition and bringing about a return to cyclicity.
Controlled breeding
Examples of programmes which have been used are:
1) A single treatment of cattle with palpable evidence of a corpus luteum, followed by breeding on detection of the subsequent oestrus.
2) Detection of oestrus for 6 days, breeding those animals seen in heat; a single treatment is given to all non-served animals on the 6th day and these cattle are bred at subsequent oestrus.
3) Two injections 11 days apart, breeding at oestrus or at fixed times (see 3.).
4) As 3) above, but breeding any animals showing oestrus before the second injection. Thus, the second dose is given only to those cattle not seen in oestrus during that time and is followed by breeding either on signs of oestrus or at fixed times (see below).
Cattle which respond to a single prostaglandin injection will normally do so within 6 days of treatment. The response time after two injections is more rapid. Animals may be inseminated on detection of oestrus in any of the Teknoprost programmes. However, fixed time insemination should only be used following the second of a two injection programme (ie. examples 3. and 4.). In the latter case insemination should be performed either once at 72 - 84 hours or twice at 72 and 96 hours after the second injection, as preferred. Double 'fixed-time' insemination may give superior results to a single insemination. However, economic factors in the particular herd may outweigh such a benefit. For successful treatment, animals should be cycling normally. Rectal examination before treatment should avoid the disappointment of treating non-cycling (anoestrous) or pregnant animals. Attention should be directed to the diet and condition of the treated animals. Sudden changes in feeding levels, in feed constituents and in housing, etc should be avoided around the time of the breeding programme, as should any other factor, such as regrouping, which could reasonably be expected to lead to stress. If artificial insemination is to be used, the quality of semen and insemination technique should be assured beforehand. A recommended guideline for use of Teknoprost in dairy cows is as follows:
After the first injection of Teknoprost, inseminate any cows showing signs of heat. Animals that do not show signs of heat should be injected 11 days after the first injection and then inseminated 72 - 96 hours later.
Control of the oestrous cycle is of value in:
1) The dairy herd:
a )To control oestrus in the individual animal giving better control of the individual calving index and reducing the number of cows culled as barren
b )To control oestrus in groups of cows to promote management of the herd in groups of suitable size and facilitate the maintenance of a seasonal calving pattern
c) To permit the use of artificial insemination (AI) in dairy heifers
2) The beef herd:
a )To facilitate the use of AI to obtain better progeny by use of high quality bulls
b )To enable the most effective use of available bulls where natural service is preferred
c )To permit better herd management at conception and calving
Horses:
Ponies: single dose of 0.5 - 1 ml (equivalent to 125 - 250 µg cloprostenol) by intramuscular injection. Thoroughbreds, and heavy horses: 1 - 2 ml (equivalent to 250 - 500 µg cloprostenol) by intramuscular injection.
Induction of luteolysis following early foetal death and resorption
About 8 - 10 % of all mares which conceive lose the conceptus during the first 100 days of pregnancy. Persistence of luteal function in the ovary precludes an early return to oestrus.
Termination of persistent dioestrus
Non-pregnant mares frequently and spontaneously go into and out of periods of prolonged dioestrus. A very high proportion of mares in this category ie. not cycling, are in prolonged dioestrus rather than anoestrus, particularly in the latter part of the breeding season.
Termination of pseudopregnancy
Some mares which are covered at normal oestrus and subsequently found to be empty (but not having lost or resorbed a conceptus) display clinical signs of pregnancy. These animals are said to be 'pseudopregnant'. It is used to eliminate the event of pseudopregnancy and to return ovarian functions to normal.
Treatment of lactation anoestrus
Failure of lactating mares to cycle again for several months after exhibiting an early 'foal heat' can be avoided.
Establishing oestrous cycles in barren/maiden mares
It can be used in animals that are found on examination to have a functional corpus luteum and are suffering from persistent luteal function or are not exhibiting normal estrus behavior (quiet estrus) while the ovarian cycle continues.
As an aid in stud management
Mares may be brought into oestrus on a planned timing schedule (singly or in groups), to facilitate more efficient use and management of stallions during the breeding season.
WITHDRAWAL PERIOD(S)
The withdrawal period in cattle is 2 days for meat and offal, and zero (0) days for milk.
MARKETING PACKAGING
Sold as 10 ml and 20 ml Type I colorless glass vials, sealed with bromobutyl rubber stopper and an aluminum flip-off cap in a carton box.
